Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to the package directions until al dente.
Drain the pasta and rinse it under cold water until fully cooled. Shake off excess water well.
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the corn and cook for 5 to 7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until lightly charred in spots. Remove from heat and let cool slightly.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, chili powder, garlic powder, salt, and black pepper.
Add the cooled pasta, charred corn, cotija cheese, red onion, jalapeño, and cilantro to the bowl.
Toss gently until everything is evenly coated in the creamy dressing.
Taste and adjust with more salt, lime juice, chili powder, or cotija cheese if needed.
Chill for at least 20 minutes before serving, or serve immediately at room temperature.
Garnish with extra cotija cheese, cilantro, chili powder, and lime wedges before serving.